normally you can heat the nozzle up and scrape the plastic off when it softens.

Most extruders have a ptfe tube that lines the hotend, sounds like yours came out and possibly din not go back in properly.

Not sure whether that's just a standard (yes, this is fairly common) - print detached from bed ball of melted plastic - or something to do with the tube being moved.

Given that you have printed after the tube was poked back in - I'd say it's a 'normal' result from the print detaching from the printbed fairly early on in the print.
I don't think I've had one quite as bad as that - but certainly pretty close :-)

It's definitely NOT covered under any warranty I know of.
At some point most of us have been there :-)

Heat nozzle and peel/scrape usually fixes it.