You'll probably need a resin printer for parts like that, since the detail is more than a FDM-type printer could deliver. The Form2 could do it, and it has a transparent resin available. But aside from the part volume and "sla process" it doesn't meet your other requirements; it works with a limited number of resin-based materials, none of which are food-safe as far as I know, much less being suitable for "body parts". But with your budget, you might be able to get one of those and another machine for other materials like rubber - you might ask Davo at Hyrel about that.

As for scanning a transparent part; either use a non-optical scanner, like a touchprobe, or paint the thing white before scanning it. You'll still have to do some reverse-engineering, to construct things like the interior volume which won't show up in the scan, but the scan would get you started. The other thing you could do is just model it from measurements.

Andrew Werby
www.computersculpture.com