some of the slicers will turn a jpg into an extruded stl file.

Flashprint does a great job and I would imagine prusaslicer would do it as well.
Simplify3d does it, but flashprint does it better.

I imagine some of the design programs would also do it. I only use opesncad, and while that will import and extrude dxf files - it won't extrude jpgs.
As I say I always use flashprint.