new to 3D printing - help understanding 3D printer test please

I have printed a few items on my 3d Printer it's an Ender -S1
I've found a few things that made me start questioning my settings in the creality slicer 4.8.2 software as well as the default settings of the printer itself.

First there are some issues with details on certain prints I did
Secondly it seems I need to use a raft on all of my builds as if I don't use a raft the print doesn't hold to the base

So I found a 3D printer test model and ran it - I've attached some images that show how it turned out.

if you have any specific questions please let me know I'll answer as best as I can.
And if I could get some feedback on some of the glaringly obvious issues with the print and how to adjust them that would be wonderful.

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